Kingoonya Township is a small almost totally abandoned farming settlement in the central outback of the Australian state of South Australia. It was established in the early 1900s as a railway support town for the 200 or so sheep farming families on the train-line extending west across the Nullarbor Plain to Western Australia. It played a significant role in the construction of the Trans-Australian Railway.
The Kingoonya Post Office first opened around 1884, closed in 1892, reopened in 1915 after the arrival of the railway and finally closed in 1982. When railway services were rationalised in the early 1990s, Kingoonya was almost abandoned. The few remaining houses in the township are only intermittently occupied by people involved in mining exploration and kangaroo shooting.
The Public House is still operating and offers limited accommodation and food. The township is also often used for those off-roaders taking the permissable dirt tracks West towards Tarcoola or South past Lakes Everard and Gairdiner and the track to the Highway across the Nullarbor Plain. There is reputed to be small deposits of Black Opal in the area following the 1968 discovery of a rare Black Rainbow Opal in a roadside pit off the main street by a six year-old child. (Barnes Family). This example is now in the Smithsonian Institute.
The township has seen better days, especially in the late 1950's and early 1960's when the town boasted a viable population of 20 railroad workers families and several sheep and cattle farming ventures in the surrounding plains. The town has succumbed to salt-water level damage and the former sweet-water springs that supplied the town and farms have long-since disappeared.
Native Indigenous Australian occupation of the area was evident for all of its recorded history with the Taylor Family Clan prominent in the area throughout the 1940's to 1990's, when they were 'relocated' to government-provided accommodation near Tarcoola and elsewhere. The tragic and enduring stories told by their Clan Elders tell of a time where they were literally treated as vermin and often shot on sight by local farmers and Kangaroo shooters alike before 1963. The fact of which still causes much animosity to the families of hose involved. (Interview in 2009 with Elder 'Billy' Taylor).
Kingoonya was one of the towns that was, to some small extent, affected by the Australian Government's nuclear tests in the 1950's at Maralinga, when local indigenous people were forced off their traditional hunting lands. Some settled for a decade or so a few kilometres North of Kingoonya in a makeshift hut settlement, where they subsisted badly off the land and what little money they obtained from making and selling aboriginal artwork in the form of Boomerangs, Throwing Spears, Woomeras and Throwing Sticks to the locals once every two weeks when the Tea & Sugar Train pulled in to town.
For many years the township relied on the eponymous Tea & Sugar Train for the weekly provision of supplies. The Indian Pacific (running between Sydney and Perth) and Ghan (running between Adelaide, Alice Springs and Darwin) trains still call at Kingoonya upon prior request, and to do the twice-weekly mail run; both trains service the town twice a week in each direction.
The township is reputed to have had the widest main street in Australia and cricket matches have been played on it.The town's hotel is still running. The town was featured on Australia Live, a four-hour broadcast on 1 January 1988 to celebrate Australia's bicentennial year.