Cooltong is a settlement in South Australia. At the 2011 census, Cooltong had a population of 317.
The name Cooltong is derived from a local Aboriginal name meaning "lizard place", and had been in use in the area for many decades before the town was established. The town of Cooltong was surveyed in 1949. Much of the land was granted as soldier settlement blocks after World War II, and is irrigated and planted with grapevines, citrus or other fruit trees.
The Cooltong Conservation Park is southwest of the town.